RESOLUTION 687 (1991)
Adopted by the Security Council at its 2981st meeting,
on 3 April 1991
The Security Council,
Recalling its resolutions 660 (1990) of 2 August 1990, 661 (1990) of 6
August 1990, 662 (1990) of 9 August 1990, 664 (1990) of 18 August 1990, 665
(1990) of 25 August 1990, 666 (1990) of 13 September 1990, 667 (1990) of 16
September 1990, 669 (1990) of 24 September 1990, 670 (1990) of 25 September
1990, 674 (1990) of 29 October 1990, 677 (1990) of 28 November 1990, 678 (1990)
of 29 November 1990 and 686 (1991) of 2 March 1991,
Welcoming the restoration to Kuwait of its sovereignty, independence and
territorial integrity and the return of its legitimate Government,
Affirming the commitment of all Member States to the sovereignty,
territorial integrity and political independence of Kuwait and Iraq, and noting
the intention expressed by the Member States cooperating with Kuwait under
paragraph 2 of resolution 678 (1990) to bring their military presence in Iraq
to an end as soon as possible consistent with paragraph 8 of resolution 686
(1991),
Reaffirming the need to be assured of Iraq's peaceful intentions in the
light of its unlawful invasion and occupation of Kuwait,
Taking note of the letter sent by the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Iraq
on 27 February 1991 and those sent pursuant to resolution 686 (1991),
Noting that Iraq and Kuwait, as independent sovereign States, signed at
Baghdad on 4 October 1963 "Agreed Minutes Between the State of Kuwait and the
Republic of Iraq Regarding the Restoration of Friendly Relations, Recognition
and Related Matters", thereby recognizing formally the boundary between Iraq
and Kuwait and the allocation of islands, which were registered with the United
Nations in accordance with Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations and
in which Iraq recognized the independence and complete sovereignty of the State
of Kuwait within its borders as specified and accepted in the letter of the
Prime Minister of Iraq dated 21 July 1932, and as accepted by the Ruler of
Kuwait in his letter dated 10 August 1932,
Conscious of the need for demarcation of the said boundary,
Conscious also of the statements by Iraq threatening to use weapons in
violation of its obligations under the Geneva Protocol for the Prohibition of
the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of
Bacteriological Methods of Warfare, signed at Geneva on 17 June 1925, and of
its prior use of chemical weapons and affirming that grave consequences would
follow any further use by Iraq of such weapons,
Recalling that Iraq has subscribed to the Declaration adopted by all
States participating in the Conference of States Parties to the 1925 Geneva
Protocol and Other Interested States, held in Paris from 7 to 11 January 1989,
establishing the objective of universal elimination of chemical and biological
weapons,
Recalling also that Iraq has signed the Convention on the Prohibition of
the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and
Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction, of 10 April 1972,
Noting the importance of Iraq ratifying this Convention,
Noting moreover the importance of all States adhering to this Convention
and encouraging its forthcoming Review Conference to reinforce the authority,
efficiency and universal scope of the convention,
Stressing the importance of an early conclusion by the Conference on
Disarmament of its work on a Convention on the Universal Prohibition of
Chemical Weapons and of universal adherence thereto,
Aware of the use by Iraq of ballistic missiles in unprovoked attacks and
therefore of the need to take specific measures in regard to such missiles
located in Iraq,
Concerned by the reports in the hands of Member States that Iraq has
attempted to acquire materials for a nuclear-weapons programme contrary to its
obligations under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons of 1
July 1968,
Recalling the objective of the establishment of a nuclear-weapons-free
zone in the region of the Middle East,
Conscious of the threat that all weapons of mass destruction pose to peace
and security in the area and of the need to work towards the establishment in
the Middle East of a zone free of such weapons,
Conscious also of the objective of achieving balanced and comprehensive
control of armaments in the region,
Conscious further of the importance of achieving the objectives noted
above using all available means, including a dialogue among the States of the
region,
Noting that resolution 686 (1991) marked the lifting of the measures
imposed by resolution 661 (1990) in so far as they applied to Kuwait,
Noting that despite the progress being made in fulfilling the obligations
of resolution 686 (1991), many Kuwaiti and third country nationals are still
not accounted for and property remains unreturned,
Recalling the International Convention against the Taking of Hostages,
opened for signature at New York on 18 December 1979, which categorizes all
acts of taking hostages as manifestations of international terrorism,
Deploring threats made by Iraq during the recent conflict to make use of
terrorism against targets outside Iraq and the taking of hostages by Iraq,
Taking note with grave concern of the reports of the Secretary-General of
20 March 1991 and 28 March 1991, and conscious of the necessity to meet
urgently the humanitarian needs in Kuwait and Iraq,
Bearing in mind its objective of restoring international peace and
security in the area as set out in recent resolutions of the Security Council,
Conscious of the need to take the following measures acting under Chapter
VII of the Charter,
1. Affirms all thirteen resolutions noted above, except as expressly
changed below to achieve the goals of this resolution, including a formal
cease-fire;
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2. Demands that Iraq and Kuwait respect the inviolability of the
international boundary and the allocation of islands set out in the "Agreed
Minutes Between the State of Kuwait and the Republic of Iraq Regarding the
Restoration of Friendly Relations, Recognition and Related Matters", signed by
them in the exercise of their sovereignty at Baghdad on 4 October 1963 and
registered with the United Nations and published by the United Nations in
document 7063, United Nations, Treaty Series, 1964;
3. Calls upon the Secretary-General to lend his assistance to make
arrangements with Iraq and Kuwait to demarcate the boundary between Iraq and
Kuwait, drawing on appropriate material, including the map transmitted by
Security Council document S/22412 and to report back to the Security Council
within one month;
4. Decides to guarantee the inviolability of the above-mentioned
international boundary and to take as appropriate all necessary measures to
that end in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations;
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5. Requests the Secretary-General, after consulting with Iraq and
Kuwait, to submit within three days to the Security Council for its approval a
plan for the immediate deployment of a United Nations observer unit to monitor
the Khor Abdullah and a demilitarized zone, which is hereby established,
extending ten kilometres into Iraq and five kilometres into Kuwait from the
boundary referred to in the "Agreed Minutes Between the State of Kuwait and the
Republic of Iraq Regarding the Restoration of Friendly Relations, Recognition
and Related Matters" of 4 October 1963; to deter violations of the boundary
through its presence in and surveillance of the demilitarized zone; to observe
any hostile or potentially hostile action mounted from the territory of one
State to the other; and for the Secretary-General to report regularly to the
Security Council on the operations of the unit, and immediately if there are
serious violations of the zone or potential threats to peace;
6. Notes that as soon as the Secretary-General notifies the Security
Council of the completion of the deployment of the United Nations observer
unit, the conditions will be established for the Member States cooperating with
Kuwait in accordance with resolution 678 (1990) to bring their military
presence in Iraq to an end consistent with resolution 686 (1991);
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7. Invites Iraq to reaffirm unconditionally its obligations under the
Geneva Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating,
Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare, signed at
Geneva on 17 June 1925, and to ratify the Convention on the Prohibition of the
Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and
Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction, of 10 April 1972;
8. Decides that Iraq shall unconditionally accept the destruction,
removal, or rendering harmless, under international supervision, of:
(a) All chemical and biological weapons and all stocks of agents and all
related subsystems and components and all research, development, support and
manufacturing facilities;
(b) All ballistic missiles with a range greater than 150 kilometres and
related major parts, and repair and production facilities;
9. Decides, for the implementation of paragraph 8 above, the following:
(a) Iraq shall submit to the Secretary-General, within fifteen days of
the adoption of the present resolution, a declaration of the locations, amounts
and types of all items specified in paragraph 8 and agree to urgent, on-site
inspection as specified below;
(b) The Secretary-General, in consultation with the appropriate
Governments and, where appropriate, with the Director-General of the World
Health Organization, within forty-five days of the passage of the present
resolution, shall develop, and submit to the Council for approval, a plan
calling for the completion of the following acts within forty-five days of such
approval:
(i) The forming of a Special Commission, which shall carry out immediate
on-site inspection of Iraq's biological, chemical and missile
capabilities, based on Iraq's declarations and the designation of any
additional locations by the Special Commission itself;
(ii) The yielding by Iraq of possession to the Special Commission for
destruction, removal or rendering harmless, taking into account the
requirements of public safety, of all items specified under paragraph
8 (a) above, including items at the additional locations designated
by the Special Commission under paragraph 9 (b) (i) above and the
destruction by Iraq, under the supervision of the Special Commission,
of all its missile capabilities, including launchers, as specified
under paragraph 8 (b) above;
(iii) The provision by the Special Commission of the assistance and
cooperation to the Director-General of the International Atomic
Energy Agency required in paragraphs 12 and 13 below;
10. Decides that Iraq shall unconditionally undertake not to use,
develop, construct or acquire any of the items specified in paragraphs 8 and 9
above and requests the Secretary-General, in consultation with the Special
Commission, to develop a plan for the future ongoing monitoring and
verification of Iraq's compliance with this paragraph, to be submitted to the
Security Council for approval within one hundred and twenty days of the passage
of this resolution;
11. Invites Iraq to reaffirm unconditionally its obligations under the
Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons of 1 July 1968;
12. Decides that Iraq shall unconditionally agree not to acquire or
develop nuclear weapons or nuclear-weapons-usable material or any subsystems or
components or any research, development, support or manufacturing facilities
related to the above; to submit to the Secretary-General and the
Director-General of the International Atomic Energy Agency within fifteen days
of the adoption of the present resolution a declaration of the locations,
amounts, and types of all items specified above; to place all of its
nuclear-weapons-usable materials under the exclusive control, for custody and
removal, of the International Atomic Energy Agency, with the assistance and
cooperation of the Special Commission as provided for in the plan of the
Secretary-General discussed in paragraph 9 (b) above; to accept, in accordance
with the arrangements provided for in paragraph 13 below, urgent on-site
inspection and the destruction, removal or rendering harmless as appropriate of
all items specified above; and to accept the plan discussed in paragraph 13
below for the future ongoing monitoring and verification of its compliance with
these undertakings;
13. Requests the Director-General of the International Atomic Energy
Agency, through the Secretary-General, with the assistance and cooperation of
the Special Commission as provided for in the plan of the Secretary-General in
paragraph 9 (b) above, to carry out immediate on-site inspection of Iraq's
nuclear capabilities based on Iraq's declarations and the designation of any
additional locations by the Special Commission; to develop a plan for
submission to the Security Council within forty-five days calling for the
destruction, removal, or rendering harmless as appropriate of all items listed
in paragraph 12 above; to carry out the plan within forty-five days following
approval by the Security Council; and to develop a plan, taking into account
the rights and obligations of Iraq under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of
Nuclear Weapons of 1 July 1968, for the future ongoing monitoring and
verification of Iraq's compliance with paragraph 12 above, including an
inventory of all nuclear material in Iraq subject to the Agency's verification
and inspections to confirm that Agency safeguards cover all relevant nuclear
activities in Iraq, to be submitted to the Security Council for approval within
one hundred and twenty days of the passage of the present resolution;
14. Takes note that the actions to be taken by Iraq in paragraphs 8, 9,
10, 11, 12 and 13 of the present resolution represent steps towards the goal of
establishing in the Middle East a zone free from weapons of mass destruction
and all missiles for their delivery and the objective of a global ban on
chemical weapons;
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15. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the Security Council on
the steps taken to facilitate the return of all Kuwaiti property seized by
Iraq, including a list of any property that Kuwait claims has not been returned
or which has not been returned intact;
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16. Reaffirms that Iraq, without prejudice to the debts and obligations
of Iraq arising prior to 2 August 1990, which will be addressed through the
normal mechanisms, is liable under international law for any direct loss,
damage, including environmental damage and the depletion of natural resources,
or injury to foreign Governments, nationals and corporations, as a result of
Iraq's unlawful invasion and occupation of Kuwait;
17. Decides that all Iraqi statements made since 2 August 1990
repudiating its foreign debt are null and void, and demands that Iraq adhere
scrupulously to all of its obligations concerning servicing and repayment of
its foreign debt;
18. Decides also to create a fund to pay compensation for claims that
fall within paragraph 16 above and to establish a Commission that will
administer the fund;
19. Directs the Secretary-General to develop and present to the Security
Council for decision, no later than thirty days following the adoption of the
present resolution, recommendations for the fund to meet the requirement for
the payment of claims established in accordance with paragraph 18 above and for
a programme to implement the decisions in paragraphs 16, 17 and 18 above,
including: administration of the fund; mechanisms for determining the
appropriate level of Iraq's contribution to the fund based on a percentage of
the value of the exports of petroleum and petroleum products from Iraq not to
exceed a figure to be suggested to the Council by the Secretary-General, taking
into account the requirements of the people of Iraq, Iraq's payment capacity as
assessed in conjunction with the international financial institutions taking
into consideration external debt service, and the needs of the Iraqi economy;
arrangements for ensuring that payments are made to the fund; the process by
which funds will be allocated and claims paid; appropriate procedures for
evaluating losses, listing claims and verifying their validity and resolving
disputed claims in respect of Iraq's liability as specified in paragraph 16
above; and the composition of the Commission designated above;
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20. Decides, effective immediately, that the prohibitions against the
sale or supply to Iraq of commodities or products, other than medicine and
health supplies, and prohibitions against financial transactions related
thereto contained in resolution 661 (1990) shall not apply to foodstuffs
notified to the Security Council Committee established by resolution 661 (1990)
concerning the situation between Iraq and Kuwait or, with the approval of that
Committee, under the simplified and accelerated "no-objection" procedure, to
materials and supplies for essential civilian needs as identified in the report
of the Secretary-General dated 20 March 1991, and in any further findings of
humanitarian need by the Committee;
21. Decides that the Security Council shall review the provisions of
paragraph 20 above every sixty days in the light of the policies and practices
of the Government of Iraq, including the implementation of all relevant
resolutions of the Security Council, for the purpose of determining whether to
reduce or lift the prohibitions referred to therein;
22. Decides that upon the approval by the Security Council of the
programme called for in paragraph 19 above and upon Council agreement that Iraq
has completed all actions contemplated in paragraphs 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13
above, the prohibitions against the import of commodities and products
originating in Iraq and the prohibitions against financial transactions related
thereto contained in resolution 661 (1990) shall have no further force or
effect;
23. Decides that, pending action by the Security Council under paragraph
22 above, the Security Council Committee established by resolution 661 (1990)
shall be empowered to approve, when required to assure adequate financial
resources on the part of Iraq to carry out the activities under paragraph 20
above, exceptions to the prohibition against the import of commodities and
products originating in Iraq;
24. Decides that, in accordance with resolution 661 (1990) and subsequent
related resolutions and until a further decision is taken by the Security
Council, all States shall continue to prevent the sale or supply, or the
promotion or facilitation of such sale or supply, to Iraq by their nationals,
or from their territories or using their flag vessels or aircraft, of:
(a) Arms and related materiel of all types, specifically including the
sale or transfer through other means of all forms of conventional military
equipment, including for paramilitary forces, and spare parts and components
and their means of production, for such equipment;
(b) Items specified and defined in paragraphs 8 and 12 above not
otherwise covered above;
(c) Technology under licensing or other transfer arrangements used in the
production, utilization or stockpiling of items specified in subparagraphs (a)
and (b) above;
(d) Personnel or materials for training or technical support services
relating to the design, development, manufacture, use, maintenance or support
of items specified in subparagraphs (a) and (b) above;
25. Calls upon all States and international organizations to act strictly
in accordance with paragraph 24 above, notwithstanding the existence of any
contracts, agreements, licences or any other arrangements;
26. Requests the Secretary-General, in consultation with appropriate
Governments, to develop within sixty days, for the approval of the Security
Council, guidelines to facilitate full international implementation of
paragraphs 24 and 25 above and paragraph 27 below, and to make them available
to all States and to establish a procedure for updating these guidelines
periodically;
27. Calls upon all States to maintain such national controls and
procedures and to take such other actions consistent with the guidelines to be
established by the Security Council under paragraph 26 above as may be
necessary to ensure compliance with the terms of paragraph 24 above, and calls
upon international organizations to take all appropriate steps to assist in
ensuring such full compliance;
28. Agrees to review its decisions in paragraphs 22, 23, 24 and 25 above,
except for the items specified and defined in paragraphs 8 and 12 above, on a
regular basis and in any case one hundred and twenty days following passage of
the present resolution, taking into account Iraq's compliance with the
resolution and general progress towards the control of armaments in the region;
29. Decides that all States, including Iraq, shall take the necessary
measures to ensure that no claim shall lie at the instance of the Government of
Iraq, or of any person or body in Iraq, or of any person claiming through or
for the benefit of any such person or body, in connection with any contract or
other transaction where its performance was affected by reason of the measures
taken by the Security Council in resolution 661 (1990) and related resolutions;
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30. Decides that, in furtherance of its commitment to facilitate the
repatriation of all Kuwaiti and third country nationals, Iraq shall extend all
necessary cooperation to the International Committee of the Red Cross,
providing lists of such persons, facilitating the access of the International
Committee of the Red Cross to all such persons wherever located or detained and
facilitating the search by the International Committee of the Red Cross for
those Kuwaiti and third country nationals still unaccounted for;
31. Invites the International Committee of the Red Cross to keep the
Secretary-General apprised as appropriate of all activities undertaken in
connection with facilitating the repatriation or return of all Kuwaiti and
third country nationals or their remains present in Iraq on or after 2 August
1990;
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32. Requires Iraq to inform the Security Council that it will not commit
or support any act of international terrorism or allow any organization
directed towards commission of such acts to operate within its territory and to
condemn unequivocally and renounce all acts, methods and practices of
terrorism;
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33. Declares that, upon official notification by Iraq to the
Secretary-General and to the Security Council of its acceptance of the
provisions above, a formal cease-fire is effective between Iraq and Kuwait and
the Member States cooperating with Kuwait in accordance with resolution 678
(1990);
34. Decides to remain seized of the matter and to take such further steps
as may be required for the implementation of the present resolution and to
secure peace and security in the area.
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